Research

How to use this research catalogue

The dated studies below are a historical research collection. Trial results, case reports and reviews answer different questions; they are not interchangeable evidence and do not guarantee individual treatment outcomes. Start with the 2025 International Myopia Institute review, then discuss relevance to your own care.

Myopia Control and Prevention

Jones et al. (2022): Effect of Combining 0.01% Atropine with Soft Multifocal Contact Lenses on Myopia Progression in Children
Hui-Ju Lin, Lei Wan, Fuu-Jen Tsai et al. (2014): Overnight Orthokeratology Is Comparable with Atropine in Controlling Myopia
Chan KY, Cheung SW, ChoP. (2014): Orthokeratology for slowing myopic progression in a pair of identical twins
Cho P, Cheung SW. (2012): Retardation of Myopia in Orthokeratology (ROMIO) Study: A 2-year Randomised Clinical Trial
Jeffrey Cooper, Erica Schulman and Nadine Jamal (2012): Current Status on the Development and Treatment of Myopia
D.I. Flitcroft (2012): The Complex Interactions of Retinal, Optical, and Environmental Factors in Myopia Aetiology
Turnbull PR, Munro OJ, Phillips JR (2016): Contact Lens Methods for Clinical Myopia Control
Peter E. Wilcox, David P. Bartels (2010): Orthokeratology for Controlling Myopia: Clinical Experiences
Walline JJ, Jones LA, Sinnott LT (2009): Corneal Reshaping and Myopia Progression

Orthokeratology Lens Design and Efficacy

Rémy Marcotte-Collard, Patrick Simard, Langis Michaud (2018): Analysis of Two Orthokeratology Lens Designs and Comparison of Their Optical Effects on the Cornea
Gonzalo Carracedo, Cesar Villa-Collar, Alba Martin-Gil, Maria Serramito, Leticia Santamaría (2018): Comparison Between Viscous Teardrops and Saline Solution to Fill Orthokeratology Contact Lenses Before Overnight Wear
Chen Z, Xue F, Zhou J, Qu X, Zhou X (2017): Prediction of Orthokeratology Lens Decentration with Corneal Elevation
Kate Gifford, Paul Gifford, Peter L. Hendicott, Katrina L. Schmid (2017): Near Binocular Visual Function in Young Adult Orthokeratology Versus Soft Contact Lens Wearers

Long-term Orthokeratology Studies

Miri Na, Aeri Yoo (2018): The Effect of Orthokeratology on Axial Length Elongation in Children with Myopia: Contralateral Comparison Study
Hiraoka T, Sekine Y, Okamoto F, Mihashi T, Oshika T (2018): Safety and Efficacy Following 10 Years of Overnight Orthokeratology for Myopia Control
Yueh-Chang Lee, Jen-Hung Wang, Cheng-Jen Chiu (2017): Effect of Orthokeratology on Myopia Progression: Twelve-Year Results of a Retrospective Cohort Study
T. Kakita, T. Hiraoka, T. Oshika (2011): Influence of Overnight Orthokeratology on Axial Length Elongation in Childhood Myopia
H.A. Swarbrick, A. Alharbi, K. Watt, E. Lum (2010): Overnight Orthokeratology Lens Wear Slows Axial Eye Growth in Myopic Children
Cho P, Cheung SW, Edwards M (2005): The Longitudinal Orthokeratology Research in Children (LORIC) in Hong Kong: A Pilot Study on Refractive Changes and Myopic Control
Jacinto Santodomingo-Rubido, CésarVilla-Collar, Bernard Gilmartin, Ramón Gutiérrez-Ortega (2012): Myopia Control with Orthokeratology Contact Lenses in Spain (MCOS): Study Design and General Baseline Characteristics

Safety and Complications

Annechien E. G. Haarman; Clair A. Enthoven; J. Willem L. Tideman; Milly S. Tedja; Virginie J. M. Verhoeven; Caroline C. W. Klaver (2020): The Complications of Myopia: A Review and Meta-Analysis
Ka Wai Kam, Wing Yung, Gabriel Ka Hin Li, Li Jia Chen, Alvin L. Young (2017): Infectious Keratitis and Orthokeratology Lens Use: A Systematic Review
Cheung SW, Cho P (2017): Does a Two-Year Period of Orthokeratology Lead to Changes in the Endothelial Morphology of Children?
Russell Lowe, Laura Downie (2011): Overnight Corneal Reshaping for the Correction of Childhood Myopia: A Single Case Study
BMC Ophthalmol 2023 Apr 03;23(1)136, J Ruan, Y Zhang, Y Chen: Influence of Overnight Orthokeratology on Tear Film and Meibomian Glands in Myopic Children: A Prospective Study

Visual Quality and Quality-of-Life Measures

Jacinto Santodomingo-Rubido, César Villa-Collar, Bernard Gilmartin, Ramón Gutiérrez-Ortega (2013): A Comparison of Vision-Related Quality-of-Life Measures Between Orthokeratology Contact Lenses and Single-Vision Spectacles

Discontinuation and Refractive Surgery

Kang P, Swarbrick H (2017): Discontinuation of Long Term Orthokeratology Lens Wear and Subsequent Refractive Surgery Outcome

Your Ortho-K questions answered

Does one positive study guarantee my result?

No. Study averages and small case reports cannot predict an individual result. Consider the participants, comparison group, lens design, follow-up and safety findings.

How should I compare older and newer research?

Use publication dates and study design to put findings in context. A current evidence review can bring together results that a single older paper cannot.

Arrange an individual assessment · Ortho-K benefits and risks · Daily lens care

Further reading: International Myopia Institute evidence review. For broader childhood myopia information, visit Myopia Prevention.